Language Rights of French and English Minorities in Canada
Educational Resources
The content of the lesson plans is meant for high school students who attend official language schools in Canada. The goal of these lesson plans is to present concepts related to constitutional language rights in plain language and to encourage critical thinking. The lesson plans created by the LRSP are a tool that allows students to strengthen their cultural identity by learning about constitutional language rights and that also helps teachers further develop the content of their courses.
Lesson Plans
What are right holders?
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
Alberta
Grade 7 - Le Canada: Origines, histoires et mouvements des personnes
Alberta | Grade 7 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
tache 1 - alberta - 7e - canada origines mouvements et histoire des personnes.pdf (pdf, 901,3 Ko)
Grade 9 - Le Canada: possibilités et défis
Alberta | Grade 9 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
tache 1 - alberta - 9e - le canada possibilites et defis 2.pdf (pdf, 941.65 KB)
British Columbia
Grade 11 - Éducation civique
British Columbia | Grade 11 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
Grade 11 - Sciences humaines
British Columbia | Grade 11 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
tache 1 - cb - 11e - sciences humaines.pdf (pdf, 1,142.09 KB)
Grade 12 - Droit
British Columbia | Grade 12 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
Manitoba
Grade 6 - Le Canada, un pays de changement
Manitoba | Grade 6 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
tache 1 - mb - 6e-le canada un pays de changement 2.pdf (pdf, 1,004.38 KB)
Grade 9 - Le Canada dans le monde contemporain
Manitoba | Grade 9 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
tache 1 - mb - 9e-le canada dans le monde contemporain.pdf (pdf, 1,053.92 KB)
Grade 11 - Histoire du Canada
Manitoba | Grade 11 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
New Brunswick
Grade 10 - Histoire du monde
New Brunswick | Grade 10 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
Grade 11 - Institutions politiques, économiques et juridiques
New Brunswick | Grade 11 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
Grade 11 - Histoire du Canada
New Brunswick | Grade 11 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
tache 1 - nb - 11e - histoire du canada.pdf (pdf, 1,001.93 KB)
Grade 12 - Droit
New Brunswick | Grade 12 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
Newfoundland and Labrador
Grade 9 - Histoire du Canada
Newfoundland and Labrador | Grade 9 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
Nova Scotia
Grade 9 - Sciences humaines
Nova Scotia | Grade 9 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
Grade 11 - Histoire du Canada
Nova Scotia | Grade 11 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
Grade 11 - Études acadiennes
Nova Scotia | Grade 11 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
fiche1 - ne - etudes acadiennes - 11e.pdf (pdf, 1,065.72 KB)
Grade 12 - Histoire planétaire
Nova Scotia | Grade 12 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
fiche1 - ne - histoireplanetaire - 12e 0.pdf (pdf, 955.38 KB)
Grade 12 - Droit
Nova Scotia | Grade 12 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
Grade 12 - Sciences politiques
Nova Scotia | Grade 12 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
fiche1 - ne - sciences politiques - 12e.pdf (pdf, 967.89 KB)
Nunavut
Grade 9 - Sciences sociales
Nunavut | Grade 9 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
Ontario
Grade 10 - Civisme et citoyenneté
Ontario | Grade 10 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
Grade 11 - Comprendre le droit canadien
Ontario | Grade 11 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
Grade 11 - Politique en action
Ontario | Grade 11 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
Grade 11 - Histoire mondiale depuis 1900
Ontario | Grade 11 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
Grade 12- Le droit canadien et international
Ontario | Grade 12 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
Grade 12 - L'Ontario français
Ontario | Grade 12 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
Grade 12 - Histoire canadienne: Identité et Culture
Ontario | Grade 12 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
Grade 12 - Politique canadienne et mondiale
Ontario | Grade 12 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
Prince Edward Island
Grade 11 - Droit 521
Prince Edward Island | Grade 11 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
Grade 12 - Sociologie 621
Prince Edward Island | Grade 12 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
Quebec
Secondary Cycle One - History and Citizenship Education
Quebec | Secondary Cycle One | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
Secondary Cycle Two - Contemporary World
Quebec | Secondary Cycle Two | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
Saskatchewan
Grade 8 - Sciences humaines
Saskatchewan | Grade 8 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
tache 1 - sask - 8e - sciences humaines.pdf (pdf, 1,060.51 KB)
Grade 11 - Sciences sociales
Saskatchewan | Grade 11 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
tache 1 - sask - 11e - sciences sociales.pdf (pdf, 995.67 KB)
Grade 12 - Sciences sociales
Saskatchewan | Grade 12 | Dur: 120 mins | Prep: 15 mins
Students first review learned concepts. They then analyse section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and create a conceptual map to explain it. Students recreate the definition of a rights holder under section 23 of the Charter and assess the importance of school for official language minority communities.
- become familiar with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms;
- acquire and use vocabulary related to language rights (e.g. rights holder, citizen, Constitution, Charter);
- develop critical thinking;
- establish the relationship between language rights and identity.
tache 1 - sask - 12e - sciences sociales.pdf (pdf, 1,088.28 KB)
Legal Resources
Jurisprudence Concerning Language Rights Protected by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
- Jurisprudence: Sections 16 to 20 of the Charter
- Jurisprudence: Section 23 of the Charter
- Jurisprudence: Bilingualism in the Judiciary
- Jurisprudence and Legislation: Language Rights in Immigration and Refugee Protection in the Judiciary
- Jurisprudence and Legislation: Language Rights in Services and Communications Relating to Immigration and Refugee Protection Matters
Legal Resources
Legal News
LRSP Resources
- LRSP Impact Studies
- LRSP blog
- Constitutional Language Rights - Being a Legal Officer in a Democratic Society (PowerPoint presentation)
OLMC Resources
Official Language minority communities (OLMC) resources
Centre for Public Legal Education Alberta
Fédération des communautés francophones et acadienne du Canada (FCFA)
Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages
Canadian Institute for Reasearch on Linguistic Minorities
Statistique Canada
Education in OLMCs
Institut canadien de recherche sur les minorités linguistiques
- École et autonomie culturelle. Enquête pancanadienne en milieu scolaire francophone minoritaire
- The Decline of the English School System in Quebec
Communications and services in French
Commissariat aux langues officielles
Institut canadien de recherche sur les minorités linguistiques
- Utilisation des services gouvernementaux de langue française (Available in French only)
Useful Links
Canada
- Fédération des communautés francophones et acadienne
- Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages
- Association des universités de la francophonie canadienne (in French only)
- Canadian Institute of Research on Linguistic Minorities
- Observatoire international des droits linguistiques
- Le rôle des tribunaux dans la reconnaissance des droits linguistiques
Quebec
Ontario
New Brunswick
Research institutes on official languages and bilingualism
Universities
- Université Simon Fraser
- Université de l’Alberta – Campus Saint-Jean
- Université de Régina – Institut français
- Université de Saint-Boniface
- Association francophone pour le savoir – section Manitoba
- Le Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest
- Université de Hearst
- Université de Sudbury
- Université Laurentienne
- Institut franco-ontarien
- Collège universitaire Glendon
- Collège militaire royale du Canada
- Collège universitaire dominicain
- Université d’Ottawa
- Université Saint-Paul
- Université de Moncton
- Université Sainte-Anne
Media outlets specialized in law and justice
- Canadian Lawyer
- Canadian LawyerInhouse
- LawNow