The course consists of one 4-hour laboratory period per week, during the winter session, followed by a field camp (~12 days) involving geological mapping and structural analysis of a region and of its place in the tectonic history of the Appalachian belt. The field camp will be held following the end of the examination period, in late April. Fees are requested to cover accommodation and transportation. Previously GEO 2920.

Course component: Lecture
Prerequisite: GEO 1111, GEO 1115.

This is a mapping course. Each day will focus on a mapping exercise that will include outcrop examination and description, detailed measurements, preparation of sections, and interpretation of structural and stratigraphic relationships among a range of Precambrian volcanic and sedimentary rocks. While the focus will be on developing your mapping skills, every exercise will provide the context for learning about the regional geology of the Southern Superior Province and adjoining terranes. The localities chosen for each exercise include some of the best-preserved exposures of Archean and Proterozoic volcanic and sedimentary rocks in the world, as well as some of Canada's most important mineral deposits.

Course component: Research
Prerequisite: GEO 2020, GEO 3163, GEO 3164.
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This course focuses on advanced bedrock mapping within the tectonically extended Basin & Range province of eastern California, near Death Valley National Monument. The trip includes two 4-day mapping exercises: i) a Miocene volcanic terrane and ii) a deformed Neoproterozoic-Cambrian succession. The latter package of rock represents the classic "Snowball Earth" sequence, including the ca. 750-700 Ma diamictites and capping carbonates. Cenozoic tectonism and magmatism has resulted in mineralization in the area with argentiferous galena (PbS with silver replacement), some native gold, pyrite and chalcopyrite, and an active talc mine. We also have an opportunity to visit Badwater (elevation: -282 ft, -86 m) and other notable locales in the region.

Course component: Research
Prerequisite: Student must have completed 12 units at 3000 level within the field.

A lecture and field course on the nature and occurrence of sediment and siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. The physical basis of sedimentary processes and the characteristics of siliciclastic deposition environments analysed in a sequence stratigraphic framework. (Not offered each year, students must check with the Department.)

Course component: Lecture
Prerequisite: GEO 3166