This (non-)belonging can be social, political, economic, cultural and/or legal. At a time of globalisation, the examination of the construction of boundaries must take into account the multiplication of categorizations: related to class, sex/gender, and race/ethnicity/religion, and also, increasingly, to immigration and citizenship status. Hence the three streams of this axis: migration, pluralism, and citizenship. Privileging a comparative approach, we are interested in the treatment of migrants and non-citizens (e.g. stateless persons, refugees, “illegals”, immigrants, temporary workers). We study the discourses and policies of pluralism (e.g. multiculturalism). We investigate the definition of citizenship under the impact of new political imperatives (e.g. questions of security, “social cohesion”, human rights, the “equality between men and women”, and economic efficiency).

Migration, pluralism and citizenship
This thematic research focus studies the construction of boundaries between those who are said to belong to the national society and those who don’t.
Research axis
- Winter, E., M-M. Sauvageau, M. Asthana, “Emerging Trends: Media, minorities, and changing perceptions of national identity and citizenship”, Canadian Diversity/Diversité canadienne, 2014 sous presse.
- Winter, E., “The curious side-effects of “Reform by stealth”: how Québécois interculturalism influences Canadian multiculturalism”, Grabher, G., U. Moser (eds.)Regionalism(s). Lessons from Europe and the Americas (Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Föderalismus, vol. 119), Wien: New Academic Press, 2014 sous presse.
- Winter, E. & M.-M. Sauvageau “Vers une compréhension nationaliste de la naturalisation au Canada? Analyse des changements récents en matière d’octroi de la citoyenneté dans le contexte canadien”, Canadian Journal of Law and Society/La Revue canadienne Droit et Société, 2014, disponible en ligne.
- Winter, E., “What can Weberian Sociology tell us About Multiculturalism and Religion?”, in S. Sikka and L. Beaman (eds.) Multiculturalism and Religious Identity: Canada and India, Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2014, p. 189-208.
- Winter, E. “Traditions of Nationhood or Political Conjuncture? Debating Citizenship in Canada and Germany”, Comparative Migration Studies, 2(1), 2014, 295-321.
- Winter, E. & M.-M. Sauvageau "La citoyenneté canadienne dans la presse écrite anglo-canadienne et franco-québécoise : convergence ou divergence?", Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique, 45 (3), 2012, 553–578.
- Madularea A., "Le code de la nationalité belge: A Citizenship Law in the Making", Review of European and Russian Affairs, 2012, 7(1), 1-19 https://ojs.library.carleton.ca/index.php/rera/article/view/213
- Winter, E. & D. Simkhovych, “Intercultural Dimensions in the Canadian Context”,Canadian Diversity/Diversité canadienne 9 (2), Spring 2012, 9-12.
- Winter, E., “L'identité multiculturelle au Canada depuis les années 1990: de la consolidation à la mise en question?", Canadian Ethnic Studies/Études ethniques au Canada, 43-44 (3-1), 2011, 35-57.
- Winter, E. (2011), Us, Them and Others: Pluralism and National Identity in Diverse Societies, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 288 p.
- Winter, E., “Ni communauté, ni société: penser la société pluraliste au-delà des binaires“, Swiss Journal of Sociology, 36 (3), 2010, 451-469.
- Winter, E., “Trajectories of Multiculturalism in Germany, the Netherlands, and Canada: In Search of Common Patterns”, Government and Opposition, 45 (2), 2010, p. 166-186.
- Winter, E., Max Weber et les relations ethniques. Du refus du biologisme racial à l’État multinational (préface: Philippe Fritsch), Québec: Les Presses de l’Université Laval, 2004, 214 p.